Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023): 2499-2511

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-03

Pollen Micromorphology of Mangrove Species in South Sumatera Coastal Area, Indonesia

(Mikromorfologi Debunga Spesies Bakau di Kawasan Pantai Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia)

SYADWINA HAMAMA DALIMUNTHE^1,*, I PUTU GEDE P. DAMAYANTO¹, IRFAN MARTIANSYAH², EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA¹, KUSUMA RAHMAWATI³, FANDRI SOFIANA FASTANTI¹ & MUHAMAD MUHAIMIN¹

¹Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia

²Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jl. Ir. H. Juanda no.13, Bogor, West Java, 16122, Indonesia

³Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency. Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia

Received: 4 April 2023/Accepted: 10 August 2023

Abstract

Reports indicated a global decline in mangrove forest coverage, with particularly high levels in Sumatera, Indonesia. To effectively conserve these ecosystems, additional research is essential to obtain comprehensive data. Specifically, investigating pollen variation in mangrove species in South Sumatera is critical due to the current lack of information. This study aimed to determine the pollen morphology of various mangrove species in South Sumatera. Fieldwork was conducted around mangrove ecosystem area of Musi Estuary in Tanjung Api-api and Payung Island, South Sumatra. Each mature flower was placed in an envelope and stored an airproof container with silica gel. Herbarium specimens were also used for identification purpose. Pollens of nine mangrove species (Avicennia alba, A. marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, B. sexangula, Excoecaria agallocha, Kandelia candel, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia caseolaris) were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Pollen SEM images were measured and morphological characteristics of pollens were recorded. The pollen of mangroves in South Sumatera coastal area varied in size (small and medium), ratio of polar/equatorial (prolate, isodiametric and oblate), shape (ellipse, triangular, triangular pyramid and spheroidal shape), polar view (circular, open semi-angular and intruding semi-angular), equatorial view (prolate-circular oval, spherical-apiculate and spherical-circular oval), outline (lobate, triangular and circular), aperture (tricolporate, triporate and monosulcate) and ornamentation (perforate, psilate, echinate reticulate and gemmate). The pollen morphology has been demonstrated to be effective in distinguishing various mangrove species in South Sumatera, and it can be used to produce a species identification key.

Keywords: Mangrove; micromorphology; pollen; scanning electron microscope; Sumatera

ABSTRAK

Laporan menunjukkan penurunan global dalam liputan hutan bakau, terutamanya pada paras yang tinggi di Sumatera, Indonesia. Bagi memulihara ekosistem ini dengan berkesan, penyelidikan tambahan adalah penting untuk mengumpulkan data yang komprehensif. Secara khusus, kajian variasi debunga pada spesies bakau di Sumatera Selatan adalah kritikal kerana kekurangan maklumat semasa. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui morfologi debunga pelbagai spesies bakau di Sumatra Selatan. Kerja lapangan telah dijalankan di sekitar muara Musi di Tanjung Api-api dan Pulau Payung di Sumatera Selatan. Bunga matang diletak dalam sampul surat dan disimpan dalam bekas kedap udara dengan gel silika. Spesimen herbarium juga digunakan untuk tujuan pengecaman. Debunga bagi sembilan spesies bakau (Avicennia alba, A. marina, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, B. sexangula, Excoecaria agallocha, Kandelia candel, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata danSonneratia caseolaris) diperhatikan di bawah mikroskop elektron pengimbasan (SEM). Imej SEM debunga diukur dan ciri morfologi debunga direkodkan. Debunga bakau dari pantai Sumatera Selatan berbeza daripada segi saiz (kecil dan sederhana), nisbah kutub/khatulistiwa (prolat, isodiametrik dan oblat), bentuk (elips, segi tiga, segi tiga piramid dan sferoidal), pandangan kutub (bulatan, terbuka semi-bersudut dan semi-bersudut dan semi-bersudut berbonjol), pandangan khatulistiwa (prolat-bulatan oval, sfera-apikulat dan sfera-bularan  oval), garis besar (lobat, segi tiga dan bulat), apetur (trikoporat, triporat dan monosulkat) dan hiasan (berlubang, psilat, ekinat, retikulat dan gemmat). Ciri morfologi debunga telah terbukti berkesan dalam membezakan pelbagai spesies bakau di Sumatera Selatan, dan ia boleh digunakan untuk membina kekunci pengecaman spesies.

Kata kunci: Bakau; debunga; mikromorfologi; mikroskop imbasan elektron; Sumatera

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*Corresponding author; email: hamamabie@gmail.com